According to data from Arkham Intelligence, just six entities collectively possess approximately 4.25 million Bitcoin, which accounts for about 21% of the total Bitcoin supply that will ever exist. Remarkably, most of these holdings remain stationary and are unlikely to be moved anytime soon.
The mysterious creator Satoshi Nakamoto leads this group with an estimated 1,096,358 BTC—valued at roughly $75 billion. These coins have been identified through a distinctive mining signature known as the Patoshi Pattern and correspond to around 22,000 mined blocks. Notably, none of these Bitcoins have been transferred since 2010.
Following Satoshi is Coinbase with on-chain custody of about 993,069 BTC (worth $68 billion), representing both its own assets and those held for clients. BlackRock ranks third with approximately 761,801 BTC ($52 billion), primarily linked to its spot Bitcoin ETF holdings.
Strategy’s Actual Bitcoin Assets Exceed On-Chain Records
The company formerly known as MicroStrategy reports owning a total of 714,644 BTC ($54 billion). However, only around 415,230 BTC appear directly under its name on the blockchain; the remainder is recorded under Fidelity Custody due to wallet aggregation practices within their custodial framework.
The United States government holds roughly 328,372 BTC valued at $22 billion. These coins mainly originate from law enforcement seizures related to events such as the Bitfinex hack recovery and shutdowns like Silk Road marketplace operations.
Tether maintains reserves including about 96,369 BTC ($6.5 billion), making it one of the largest private holders in terms of Bitcoin reserves management.
Exchange Wallets Dominate Largest Individual Holdings
The four biggest individual wallets belong exclusively to cryptocurrency exchanges’ cold storage accounts: Binance controls two wallets containing approximately 249K and 157K BTC respectively; Robinhood holds around 141K BTC; while Bitfinex has close to130KBTC stored securely offline.
It’s important to note that these wallets safeguard client funds rather than assets owned by exchanges themselves.
The Shrinking Available Supply Of Tradable Bitcoin
An estimated figure suggests that nearly3.7millionBTCis permanently lost dueto inaccessiblewallets,reducingtheeffective circulating supply well belowthemaximum capof21millionBTC.Additionally,factorslikeSatoshi’sinactivecoins,U.S.governmentholdings,custodialETFreserves,andcorporateBitcointreasuriesfurtherconstraintheamountofBitcoinavailablefortradinginthemarketplace.
Currently,BTC tradesaround$67,249withaminordeclineofapproximately1percentinthelast24hours,evidencing ongoing market fluctuations amid constrained liquidity conditions.